A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Healthy Life Style to Prevent Cardio Vascular Disease among Adolescents in Selected College at Rajkot

 

Ms. Hemaxi Patel¹, Mr. Jeenath Justin Doss², Mr. Suneesah³

¹II Year M.Sc. (N) MSN (Cardiovascular and Thoracic Nursing) Shri Anand College of Nursing, Rajkot Gujarat

²Guide, MSN, Shri Anand College of Nursing, Rajkot Gujarat

³Co-Guide, MSN, ShriAnand College of Nursing, Rajkot Gujarat

 

ABSTRACT:

The improvement of knowledge regarding prevention of cardio vascular disease among adolescents has an important play in enabling the effectiveness of planned teaching programme as an independence nursing intervention. The research design adopted was pre-experimental one group pre-test post test. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on Hochbaum (1950) health belief model. The study had been conducted in H. N. Shukla arts and commerce college, Rajkot. The data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical method paired ‘t’ test was used to evaluating the effective of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of cardio vascular disease. The obtained calculated value was 12.29, which shows highly significant at the level of 0.001. The findings of the study revealed, that planned teaching programme was effectiveness in improving knowledge regarding prevention of cardio vascular disease.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease. A risk factor is something that increases your chances of developing a disease, disorder or condition. Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes.¹

 

The prevention of cardio vascular disease can prevent by, to encourage even more to tackle lifestyle risk factors. The prevention of cardio vascular disease can stop by Stop smoking if smoke, eat a healthy diet- including keeping salt intake to under 5g a day, keep weight and waist in check, take regular physical activity and cut back if drink a lot of alcohol.²

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

Cardiovascular diseases encompassing coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction cerebrovascular disease, and congestive heart failure (excluding the organic and congenital cardiovascular disease) were considered in this study. Although hypertension itself is a cardiovascular disease, it is also one of the most important risk factors of other cardiovascular diseases.³

 

Cardiovascular diseases cause nearly one-third of all deaths worldwide. Coronary heart disease accounts for the greatest proportion of cardiovascular diseases, and risk factors such as hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus or elevated glucose level, elevated cholesterol levels, and obesity or being overweight are the top six causes of death globally. Ecological and population-based longitudinal studies conducted globally or within individual countries, have established the role of traditional and novel risk factors and measures of subclinical disease in the prediction of coronary heart disease. Risk assessment with short-term or long-term risk prediction algorithms can help to identify individuals who would benefit most from risk-factor interventions. Evaluation of novel risk factors and screening for subclinical atherosclerosis can also help to identify individuals at highest cardiovascular risk.⁴

 

Our national goal for preventing and controlling heart disease require prevention, detection and treatment of risk factors, early identification and treatment of heart attacks and prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events. In the next two decades these largely preventable conditions are projected to increase shapely in numbers at this Country’s “baby boom” generation ages. The message is urgent action is needed now to reverse the epidemic of heart diseases.⁵

 

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of the study are:

1)     To assess the knowledge regarding healthy life style to prevent cardiovascular diseases among adolescents.

2)     To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding healthy life style to prevent cardiovascular diseases among adolescents in selected colleges at Rajkot.

3)     To find out the association between pre test level of knowledge regarding healthy life style to prevent cardiovascular diseases with their selected demographic variables

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H₁:  The post test knowledge score will be significantly higher than the mean pre test knowledge score regarding healthy lifestyle to prevent cardiovascular disease.

 

H₂:  There will be a significant association between pre test levels of knowledge with the selected demographic variables of adolescents.

 

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Research design:

The research design selected for this study is one group pre-test post-test, pre-experimental study design.

 

Setting of the study:

The study was under taken in H. N. Shukla arts and commerce colleges at Rajkot. The population selected from this setting was adolescents of arts and commerce field of the college. The college is situated in the Vaishali Nagar in Rajkot.

 

Population:

The population consists of adolescents in H. N. Shukla arts and Commerce College at Rajkot.

 

Sample size:

In this study the sample size was decided to be 50 students.

 

Sampling technique:

Convenient sampling technique was used to select 50 students in selected college in Rajkot.

 

Data analysis plan:

The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

 

FINDINGS:

Major study findings includes,

 

A. Findings related to demographic variables of the study:

1.      The majority of 33 (66%) samples are male.

2.      The majority of 45 (90%) samples were from middle class.

3.      The majority of 41 (82%) samples from B. A. Educational stream.

4.      The majority of 42 (84%) samples were vegetarian.

5.      The majority of 48 (96%) samples having no family history of heart disease.

6.      The majority of 48 (96%) samples don’t have any previous exposure to any heart disease.

7.      The majority of 50 (100%) samples don’t have previous knowledge of heart disease.

 

With regard to effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy life style to prevent cardio vascular disease among adolescents, the obtained “t” value for the level of knowledge was 12.29 that was highly significant at p<0.001 level.

 

With regard to association between the level of knowledge with their selected demographical variables such as dietary pattern and previous knowledge regarding heart disease had significant association found. The study shows that the calculated chi square value is more than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for these demographic variables. This shows there is a significant association between the effectiveness of planned teaching programme and knowledge regarding healthy life style to prevent cardio vascular disease and selected demographic variables.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the adolescents had inadequate and moderate level of knowledge in pre test and they improved to moderate and adequate level of knowledge in post test. This shows the imperative need to understand the purpose of planned teaching programme regarding improving the knowledge about prevention of cardio vascular disease among adolescents and it will improve the practice of preventing heart disease.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       SanthiMendis: Cardio vascular disease (online). Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease (Accessed on 20^th July 2014)

2.       Leung M: Cardio vascular disease (online): Available from http://food.ndtv.com (accessed on 13^th March 2016)

3.       S Pandey: Cardio vascular disease (online): Available from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease (Accessed on 23rd August 2013)

4.       Bridget M Cuehn. Cardio vascular disease (online). Available from: http://circ.ahajournals.org (Accessed on 21^st March 2014)

5.       Albert V: Cardio vascular disease (online). Available from: http://patient.info.in. (Accessed on 12^th January 2010)

 

 

 

Received on 06.10.2017       Modified on 09.12.2017

Accepted on 19.01.2018       ©A&V Publications All right reserved